USNWR has erratically chosen whether "statewide bar passage" rate includes only ABA-approved law schools over the years
I was directed to the fact that the new USNWR bar exam metric includes “the weighted state average among ABA accredited schools' first-time test takers in the corresponding jurisdictions in 2020.” “ABA accredited” was added. Didn’t the first-time bar exam passage rate only include ABA accredited schools in the past?
Previous methodology looked at the modal state where a law school’s graduates took the bar exam, and the “jurisdiction's overall state bar passage rate for first-time test-takers in winter and summer” of that year.
I looked at the 2022 rankings (released in 2021, using the 2019 bar exam data). I picked California, known for its significant cohort of non-ABA test-takers. The overall first-time pass rate was 59%, but the first-time pass rate among ABA accredited schools was 69%. (Historical stats are here.) USNWR used the 59% rate.
That first surprised me. I had assumed USNWR only used ABA accredited data. It also made me think that California schools would be harmed the most by this shift in metrics (even if I think it’s more accurate). That’s because California schools are less likely to “overperform” if the pass rate is higher (e.g., using only ABA accredited test-takers instead of all test-takers).
But then I dug further.
The 2021 rankings (released in 2020, using 2018 bar exam data) reported California’s first-time bar pass rate as 60%. The ABA first-time rate was 60%. But the overall rate was 52%. So in this year, USNWR used only ABA accredited schools.
The 2020 rankings (released in 2019, using 2017 bar exam data) reported a first-time pass rate of 58%. That’s the same as the overall first-time pass rate of 58%, not the 66% from ABA accredited law schools. So in this year, USNWR used overall first-time pass rates. And it appears USNWR did the same in 2019 (released in 2018, using 2016 bar exam data).
In short, there does not appear to be any reason why USNWR has used one method or another over the years. Certainly, this year it is expressly using only ABA data, and maybe it intends to stick with that going forward. But it’s another, subtle change that could adversely affect those schools (e.g., California) with a significant cohort of non-ABA test-takers. It’s probably the right call. But it also highlights the inconsistency of USNWR in its methodology over the years.